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TESTS FOR BILE SALTS & ACETONE :- ■TESTS FOR BILE SALTS:- a)PETTENKOFER'S TEST:- ADD 5 DROPS OF 5% SUCROSE SOLUTION TO 5 ml OF TEST THE SOLUTION IN A TEST TUBE AND RUN A FEW ml OF CONCENTRATED H2SO4 CAREFULLY  DOWN THE SIDE OF THE INCLINED TEST TUBE. A PURPLE RING DEVELOPS SLOWLY. b)HAY'S TEST(SURFACE TENSION TEST):- SPRINKLE A SMALL AMOUNT OF FINELY POWDERED FLOWERS OF SULPHUR ON THE SURFACE OF 5 ml  OF DISTILLED WATER AND 5 ml OF TEST SOLUTION TAKEN IN TWO SEPARATE TEST TUBES. SULPHUR  SINKS VERY RAPIDLY IN DILUTE BILE, BUT NOT IN WATER. ■TEST FOR ACETONE:- a)LEGAL'S SODIUM NITROPRUSIDE TEST:- ADD 3 DROPS OF A FRESHLY PREPARED 5% SODIUM NITROPRUSIDE SOLUTION TO ABOUT 3ml OF THE TEST SOLUTION,MIX AND MAKE ALKALINE WITH NaOH SOLUTION. A RED COLOUR APPEARS. ACIDIFY THE MIXTURE BY ADDING ACETIC ACID. b)ROTHERA'S NITROPRISSIDE TEST:- SATURATE 3 ml OF THE TEST SOLUTION (DILUTE ACETONE) WITH SOLID (NH4)2SO4 . ADD 2 DROPS OF A FRESHLY PREPARED 5% S

TESTS  FOR GLYCEROL:- TEST SAMPLE:-10%AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF GLYCEROL. 1) ACROLEIN TEST:- HEAT 2 DROPS OF UNDILUTED GLYCEROL WITH LITTLE SOLID POTASSIUM BISULPHATE (KHSO4) IN A DRY TEST TUBE CAUTIOUSLY AT FIRST AND THEN MORE STRONGLY. NOTE THE PUNGENT ODOUR OF ACROLEIN. 2) DUNSTAN'S TEST:- ADD DROP BY DROP ENOUGH OF 1% ALCOHOLIC SOLUTION OF PHENOLPHTHALEIN TO ABOUT 5ml OF  0.5% BORAX SOLUTION TO PRODUCE A DISTINCT RED COLOUR. ADD 20% TEST (GLYCEROL) SOLUTION. THE RED COLOUR IS DISCHARGED HEAT THE SOLUTION AND THEN COOL. THE RED COLOUR REAPPEARS ON HEATING ,BUT DISAPPEARS ON COOLING. _____________________________________________            THANK YOU *LOVE YOU ALL😚😘

TEST FOR PROTEINS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES:- ■BIURET TEST:- ADD ABOUT 2ml OF 10%NaOH SOLUTION TO AN EQUAL VOLUME IF TEST SOLUTION,MIX AND ADD 1 OR 2 DROPS OF 1% CuSO4 AND MIX. ALL HIGHER PROTEINS(EG,ALBUMIN) GIVE A PURPLISH VIOLET COLOUR,GELATIN GIVES A BLUISH VIOLET COLOUR AND LOWER PROTEINS,SUCH AS PROTEOSES AND PEPTONES GIVE A ROSE-PINK COLOUR. ■MILLON'S TEST:- ADD 2 TO 3 DROPS OF MILLON'S REAGENT TO ABOUT 2 ml OF THE TEST SOLUTION.HEAT THE MIXTURE OVERFLAME AND BRING TO THE BOILING POINT GRADUALLY AND VERY GENTLY. IN CASE IF HIGHER PROTEINS(ALBUMIN,GLOBULIN) A WHITE PRECIPITATE,IS FIRST FORMED,WHICH TURNS RED COAGULUM UPON HEATING .PROTEOSES AND PEPTONES YIELD VERY LITTLE PRECIPITATE.WHICH DISSOLVED HEATING ,SOLUTION TURNS RED.GELATIN GIVES A NEGATIVE RESULT. ■XANTHOPROTEIC TEST:- ADD ABOUT 1ml OF CONCENTRATED NITRIC ACID TO ABOUT 3ml OF THE TEST SOLUTION. A WHITE PRECIPITATE FORMS IN PRESENCE  OF HIGHER PROTEINS HEAT TO BOIL. HIGHER PR

        ■ BRANCHES OF APPLIED BIOLOGY ■   ●●IN THIS PRESENTATION I AM GOING TO TELL ABOUT THE BRANCHES OF APPLIED BIOLOGY.  ■■ A) BRANCHES OF APPLIED BOTANY :- 1)FORESTRY 2)HORTICULTURE 3)AGRICULTURE 4)SOIL CONSERVATION 5)PLANT BREEDING 6)PHARMACOLOGY  ■■ B) BRANCHES OF APPLIED ZOOLOGY :- 1)POULTRY 2)DAIRY 3)PISCICULTURE 5)APICULTURE 6)SERICULTURE 7)LAC CULTURE 8)PEARL CULTURE 9)MALACOLOGY 10)ENTOMOLOGY 11)ORNITHOLOGY 12)PARASITOLOGY 13) SERICULTURE  ■■ C) DIFFERENT BRANCHES OF MODERN BIOLOGY:- 1)GENETIC ENGINEERING 2)BIOTECHNOLOGY 3)MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 4)DNA FINGER PRINTING 5)FOOD TECHNOLOGY 6)FORENSIC SCIENCE 7)PHARMACY 8)PATHOLOGY 9)NUTRITION 10)NURSING 11)PHYSIOTHERAPY 12)RADIOLOGY 13)RADIOTHERAPY 14)SONOGRAPHY 15)PROTOZOOLOG